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- ppppssss((((1111)))) ppppssss((((1111))))
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- ps - report process status
-
- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- ppppssss [ options ]
-
- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- _p_s prints information about active processes. Without _o_p_t_i_o_n_s,
- information is printed about processes associated with the controlling
- terminal. The output consists of a short listing containing only the
- process ID, terminal identifier, cumulative execution time, and the
- command name. Since a batch job doesn't have a controlling terminal,
- invoking ps without _o_p_t_i_o_n_s from a batch job will result in an error.
- Otherwise, the information that is displayed is controlled by the
- selection of _o_p_t_i_o_n_s.
-
- _o_p_t_i_o_n_s accept names or lists as arguments. Arguments can be either
- separated from one another by commas or enclosed in double quotes and
- separated from one another by commas or spaces. Values for _p_r_o_c_l_i_s_t and
- _g_r_p_l_i_s_t must be numeric.
-
- The _o_p_t_i_o_n_s are:
-
- ----aaaa Print information about aaaall processes most frequently
- requested: all those except process group leaders and
- processes not associated with a terminal.
-
- ----AAAA Print information about eeeevery process now running.
-
- ----cccc Print information about the scheduler properties. (See
- below.)
-
- ----dddd Print information about all processes except process group
- leaders.
-
- ----eeee Print information about eeeevery process now running
- (equivalent to ----AAAA).
-
- ----ffff Generate a ffffull listing. (See below for significance of
- columns in a full listing.)
-
- ----gggg _g_r_p_l_i_s_t List only process data whose process group leader's ID
- numbers appear in _g_r_p_l_i_s_t. (A group leader is a process
- whose process ID number is identical to its process group ID
- number. A login shell is a common example of a process
- group leader.)
-
- ----GGGG _g_r_p_l_i_s_t List only process data whose real group leader's ID numbers
- appears in _g_r_p_l_i_s_t.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
-
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-
-
- ppppssss((((1111)))) ppppssss((((1111))))
-
-
-
- ----jjjj Print process ID, process group ID, session ID, and job ID.
- The job ID is printed out in hexadecimal. When the job ID
- is specified, the "0x" prefix is optional.
-
- ----JJJJ _j_i_d_l_i_s_t List information on all jobs whose IDs appear in _j_i_d_l_i_s_t
- (shows the job ID if the eoe.sw.jlimits package is
- installed).
-
- ----llll Generate a llllong listing. (See below.)
-
- ----MMMM If the system supports Mandatory Access Control, print the
- security label for each process. The ----MMMM option can be
- automatically be turned on by using an environmental
- variable LABELFLAG. Set variable to oooonnnn (not case sensitive)
- for automatic security label information. To turn off
- feature set to ooooffffffff or NNNNUUUULLLLLLLL.
-
- ----nnnn _n_a_m_e This argument is obsolete and is no longer used.
-
- ----oooo _f_o_r_m_a_t Print information according to the format specification
- given in _f_o_r_m_a_t. (See below.)
-
- ----PPPP If the system supports capabilities then print the
- capabilities of each process.
-
- ----pppp _p_r_o_c_l_i_s_t List only process data whose process ID numbers are given in
- _p_r_o_c_l_i_s_t.
-
- ----ssss _s_e_s_s_l_i_s_t List information on all session leaders whose IDs appear in
- _s_e_s_s_l_i_s_t.
-
- ----tttt _t_e_r_m_l_i_s_t List only process data associated with the terminal given in
- _t_e_r_m_l_i_s_t. Terminal identifiers consist of the device's name
- (for example, ttttttttyyyydddd1111, ttttttttyyyyqqqq1111).
-
- ----TTTT List data for individual kernel threads. Normally the
- information presented is a summation across all threads of
- the process. This is of use when examining POSIX threaded
- processes.
-
- ----uuuu _u_i_d_l_i_s_t List only process data whose user ID number or login name is
- given in _u_i_d_l_i_s_t. In the listing, the numerical user ID is
- printed unless you give the ----ffff option, which prints the
- login name.
-
- ----UUUU _u_i_d_l_i_s_t List only process data whose real user ID number or login
- name is given in _u_i_d_l_i_s_t.
-
- Under the ----ffff option, _p_s tries to determine the command name and arguments
- given when the process was created by examining the user block. Failing
- this, the command name is printed, as it would have appeared without the
- ----ffff option, in square brackets.
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
-
-
-
-
-
-
- ppppssss((((1111)))) ppppssss((((1111))))
-
-
-
- The column headings and the meaning of the columns in a _p_s listing are
- given below. The letters ffff and llll indicate the option (ffffull or llllong,
- respectively) that causes the corresponding heading to appear (assuming
- the ----oooo option is not specified); aaaallllllll means that the heading always
- appears. Note that these options determine only what information is
- provided for a process; they do not determine which processes are listed.
-
- If the environment variable _XPG is defined and has a numeric value
- greater than 0, _p_s operates in conformance with the X/Open XPG4
- specifications. The format of the output of the ----llll option differs in
- some details from the XPG format and backward compatibility mode. The
- differences are explained in the table below.
-
- FFFF (l) Flags (hexadecimal and additive) associated with the
- process:
-
- 001 Process is a system (resident) process.
- 002 Process is being traced.
- 004 Stopped process has been given to parent via
- _w_a_i_t(2).
- 008 Process is sleeping at a non-interruptible priority.
- 010 Process is in core.
- 020 Process user area is in core.
- 040 Process has enabled atomic operator emulation.
- 080 Process in stream poll or select.
- 100 Process is a kernel thread.
-
- SSSS (l) The state of the process:
-
- 0 Process is running on a processor.
- S Process is sleeping, waiting for a resource.
- R Process is running.
- Z Process is terminated and parent not waiting
- (_w_a_i_t(2)).
- T Process is stopped.
- I Process is in intermediate state of creation.
- X Process is waiting for memory.
- C Process is creating core image after error.
-
-
- UUUUIIIIDDDD (f,l) The user ID number of the process owner (the login name is
- printed under the ----ffff option).
-
- PPPPIIIIDDDD (all) The process ID of the process (this datum is necessary in
- order to kill a process).
-
- PPPPPPPPIIIIDDDD (f,l) The process ID of the parent process.
-
- PPPPGGGGIIIIDDDD (j) Process group leader ID. This can be used with the ----gggg
- option.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
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- ppppssss((((1111)))) ppppssss((((1111))))
-
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- SSSSIIIIDDDD (j) Session ID. This can be used with the ----ssss option.
-
- JJJJIIIIDDDD (j) Job ID. This can be used with the ----JJJJ option.
-
- CCCCLLLLSSSS (c) Scheduling class. The values printed for CCCCLLLLSSSS are two
- character mnemonics for the scheduler class. RT indicates
- real-time, TS indicates timeshare, B indicates batch, BC
- indicates batch critical, WL indicate weightless and GN
- indicates gang scheduled.
-
- CCCC (f,l) Processor utilization for scheduling. Not printed when
- the ----cccc option is used.
-
- PPPPRRRRIIII (l) The priority of the process (higher numbers mean higher
- priority). If the class of the process is WL, w is
- displayed as the priority. If the process is scheduled
- via _m_i_s_e_r(1) it may be b for batch or bc for batch
- critical.
-
- NNNNIIII (l) Nice value, used in priority computation. Not printed
- when the ----cccc option is used (see _n_i_c_e(1) and _c_s_h(1)). Only
- processes in the time-sharing class have a nice value.
- Processes in other scheduling classes have their two
- letter class mnemonic printed in this field (refer to CLS
- description above).
-
- PPPP (l) If the process is running, gives the number of processor
- on which the process is executing. Contains an asterisk
- otherwise. This is not displayed in X/OPEN XPG4
- conformance mode.
-
- AAAADDDDDDDDRRRR (l) The physical address of the process. This is only
- displayed in X/OPEN XPG4 conformance mode.
-
- SSSSZZZZ (l) Total size (in pages) of the process, including code,
- data, shared memory, mapped files, shared libraries and
- stack. Pages associated with mapped devices are not
- counted. (Refer to _s_y_s_c_o_n_f(1) or _s_y_s_c_o_n_f(3C) for
- information on determining the page size.)
-
- RRRRSSSSSSSS (l) Total resident size (in pages) of process. This includes
- only those pages of the process that are physically
- resident in memory. Mapped devices (such as graphics) are
- not included. Shared memory (_s_h_m_g_e_t(2)) and the shared
- parts of a forked child (code, shared objects, and files
- mapped MMMMAAAAPPPP____SSSSHHHHAAAARRRREEEEDDDD) have the number of pages prorated by
- the number of processes sharing the page. Two independent
- processes that use the same shared objects and/or the same
- code each count all valid resident pages as part of their
- own resident size. The page size can either be 4096 or
- 16384 bytes as determined by the return value of the
- _g_e_t_p_a_g_e_s_i_z_e(2) system call. In general the larger page
-
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444
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- ppppssss((((1111)))) ppppssss((((1111))))
-
-
-
- size is used on systems where _u_n_a_m_e(1) returns "IRIX64".
- This is not displayed in X/OPEN XPG4 conformance mode.
-
- WWWWCCCCHHHHAAAANNNN (l) The name (or address if the name is unavailable) of an
- event for which the process is sleeping, or in SXBRK
- state, (if blank, the process is running).
-
- SSSSTTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE (f) The starting time of the process, given in hours, minutes,
- and seconds. (A process begun more than twenty-four hours
- before the _p_s inquiry is executed is given in months and
- days.)
-
- TTTTTTTTYYYY (all) The controlling terminal for the process (the message, ????,
- is printed when there is no controlling terminal).
-
- TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE (all) The cumulative execution time for the process.
-
- CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDD(all) The command name (the full command name and its arguments
- are printed under the ----ffff option). A process that has
- exited and has a parent, but has not yet been waited for
- by the parent, is marked <<<<ddddeeeeffffuuuunnnncccctttt>>>>.
-
- The ----oooo option allows the output format to be specified under user
- control.
-
- The format specification must be a list of names presented as a single
- argument, blank- or comma-separated. Each variable has a default header.
- The default header can be overridden by appending an equals sign and the
- new text of the header. The rest of the characters in the argument are
- used as the header text. The fields specified are written in the order
- specified on the command line and should be arranged in columns in the
- output. The field widths are selected by the system to be at least as
- wide as the header text (default or overridden value). If the header
- text is null such as ----oooo user=, the field width is at least as wide as the
- default header text. If all header text fields are null, no header line
- is written.
-
- The following names are recognized:
-
- rrrruuuusssseeeerrrr The real user ID of the process.
- uuuusssseeeerrrr The effective user ID of the process.
- rrrrggggrrrroooouuuupppp The real group UD of the process.
- ggggrrrroooouuuupppp The effective group ID of the process.
- jjjjiiiidddd The hexadecimal value of the job ID.
- ppppiiiidddd The decimal value of the process ID.
- ppppppppiiiidddd The decimal value of the parent process ID.
- ppppggggiiiidddd The decimal value of the process group ID.
- ppppccccppppuuuu The ratio of CPU time used recently to the CPU time available in
- the same period, expressed as a percentage.
- vvvvsssszzzz The size of the process in (virtual) memory.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 5555
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- ppppssss((((1111)))) ppppssss((((1111))))
-
-
-
- nnnniiiicccceeee The decimal value of the system scheduling priority of the
- process.
- ttttiiiimmmmeeee The cumulative CPU time of the process.
- eeeettttiiiimmmmeeee The elapsed time since the process was started.
- ssssttttiiiimmmmeeee The starting time of the process.
- ffffllllaaaagggg Flags associated with the process.
- ssssttttaaaatttteeee The state of the process.
- wwwwcccchhhhaaaannnn The address of an event for which the process is waiting or
- sleeping.
- wwwwnnnnaaaammmmeeee The name (or address if the name is unavailable) of an event for
- which the process is waiting or sleeping.
- uuuuttttiiiillll Processor utilization for scheduling.
- uuuuiiiidddd The user ID number of the process owner.
- ccccppppuuuu The processor process is currently executing on.
- ccccllllaaaassssssss The scheduling class of the process.
- ttttttttyyyy The name of the controlling terminal of the process (if any) in
- the same format used by the who utility.
- ccccoooommmmmmmm The name of the command being executed (argv[0] value) as a
- string.
- aaaarrrrggggssss The command with all its arguments as a string.
- llllaaaabbbbeeeellll The MAC label of the running process.
-
- The file /_t_m_p/._p_s__d_a_t_a/._p_s__d_a_t_a is used to improve the performance of _p_s
- by caching kernel info, and some device information. It is recreated
- when it is older (either the mtime or ctime) than /_u_n_i_x, or /_d_e_v, or when
- a read error occurs on the file. _p_s runs noticeably slower when this
- file isn't used, or needs to be recreated.
-
- SSSSHHHHAAAARRRREEEE IIIIIIII AAAACCCCTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
- When the Share II package is installed and enabled, every process
- acquires a new property: its _a_t_t_a_c_h_e_d _l_n_o_d_e. The _l_n_o_d_e is the kernel
- structure that is used to store per-user resource and administration data
- under Share II. Many processes can be attached to the same lnode.
-
- An lnode contains a user's resource limits, including limits on memory
- usage and `number of processes'. All the processes attached to an lnode
- are collectively subject to the lnode's memory and process limits.
-
- Each lnode is addressed by a unique key which is a UID number. When
- given the ----yyyy option, _p_s reports each process's lnode attachment under the
- `UID' column as a UID or login name.
-
- FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
- /dev
- /dev/tty*
- /etc/passwd UID information supplier
- /tmp/.ps_data/.ps_data
- internal data structure
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 6666
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- ppppssss((((1111)))) ppppssss((((1111))))
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- SEE ALSO
- capabilities(4), getty(1M), gr_osview(1), gr_top(1), kill(1), miser(1),
- nice(1), sysconf(1), top(1), sched_setscheduler(2), sysconf(3C).
-
- WWWWAAAARRRRNNNNIIIINNNNGGGG
- Things can change while _p_s is running; the snapshot it gives is only true
- for a splitsecond, and it may not be accurate by the time you see it.
- Some data printed for defunct processes is irrelevant.
-
- If no _t_e_r_m_l_i_s_t, _p_r_o_c_l_i_s_t, _u_i_d_l_i_s_t, or _g_r_p_l_i_s_t is specified, _p_s checks
- _s_t_d_i_n, _s_t_d_o_u_t, and _s_t_d_e_r_r in that order, looking for the controlling
- terminal and attempts to report on processes associated with the
- controlling terminal. In this situation, if _s_t_d_i_n, _s_t_d_o_u_t, and _s_t_d_e_r_r
- are all redirected, _p_s does not find a controlling terminal, so there is
- no report.
-
- ppppssss ----eeeeffff may not report the actual start of a tty login session, but rather
- an earlier time, when a getty was last respawned on the tty line.
-
- BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
- The CCCC and AAAADDDDDDDDRRRR fields currently always report 0. The output resulting
- from using the format specification ppppccccppppuuuu is also always 0.
-
- When a machine's system time is corrected by timed or timeslave and if
- the correction sets the time to an earlier value, ps reports a
- meaningless huge or negative TIME value for the timed or timeslave
- processes.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 7777
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